History of Saint Valentine's Day, Invention and Debut - Pope Gelasius I in 500 AD. February 14

Saint Valentine's Day, commonly shortened to Valentine's Day, is an annual commemoration held on February 14 celebrating love and affection between intimate companions.

The day is named after one or more early Christian martyrs named Valentine and was established by Pope Gelasius I in 500 AD. It was deleted from the Roman calendar of saints in 1969 by Pope Paul VI, but its religious observance is still permitted. It is traditionally a day on which lovers express their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery, and sending greeting cards (known as "valentines").

The day first became associated with romantic love in the circle of Geoffrey Chaucer in the High Middle Ages, when the tradition of courtly love flourished.

Modern Valentine's Day symbols include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines have largely given way to mass-produced greeting cards.

Numerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine. The Valentines honored on February 14 are Valentine of Rome (Valentinus presb. m. Romae) and Valentine of Terni (Valentinus ep. Interamnensis m. Romae).

Valentine of Rome was a priest in Rome who was martyred about AD 269 and was buried on the Via Flaminia. His relics are at the Church of Saint Praxed in Rome, and at Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin, Ireland.

Valentine of Terni became bishop of Interamna (modern Terni) about AD 197 and is said to have been martyred during the persecution under Emperor Aurelian. He is also buried on the Via Flaminia, but in a different location than Valentine of Rome. His relics are at the Basilica of Saint Valentine in Terni (Basilica di San Valentino).

The Catholic Encyclopedia also speaks of a third saint named Valentine who was mentioned in early martyrologies under date of February 14. He was martyred in Africa with a number of companions, but nothing more is known about him.

No romantic elements are present in the original early medieval biographies of either of these martyrs. By the time a Saint Valentine became linked to romance in the 14th century, distinctions between Valentine of Rome and Valentine of Terni were utterly lost.

In the 1969 revision of the Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints, the feastday of Saint Valentine on February 14 was removed from the General Roman Calendar and relegated to particular (local or even national) calendars for the following reason: "Though the memorial of Saint Valentine is ancient, it is left to particular calendars, since, apart from his name, nothing is known of Saint Valentine except that he was buried on the Via Flaminia on February 14." The feast day is still celebrated in Balzan (Malta) where relics of the saint are claimed to be found, and also throughout the world by Traditionalist Catholics who follow the older, pre-Second Vatican Council calendar.

More info: Valentine's Day & St Valentine History

We want the Remake of Mazinger Z

I write this post to ask for the Remake of Mazinger Z.



Who is with me?

I am imaging something like this:

Golf Debut - The first golf match

The first known international foursome,

Leith Links, 1681. The Duke of York (later James VII) partnered John Paterson against two English noblemen.

The origin of golf is unclear and open to debate. Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball. One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century B.C., and eventually evolved into the modern game. Others cite chuiwan ("chui" means striking and "wan" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and 14th centuries. A Ming Dynasty scroll dating back to 1368 entitled "The Autumn Banquet", shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole. The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages. Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France. This game was, in turn, exported to the Low Countries, Germany, and England (where it was called pall-mall, pronounced “pell mell”). Some observers, however, believe that golf descended from the Persian game, chaugán. In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.

According to the most widely accepted account, however, the modern game originated in Scotland around the 12th century, with shepherds knocking stones into rabbit holes on the current site of the Old Course at St Andrews.

More Info: Wikipedia - Golf

Other site: http://www.golf-information.info/asian-origin-of-golf.html

Other site: Palos de golf

Luciana Aymar debut in Fisherton Club in Rosario

Luciana Paula Aymar (born August 10, 1977 in Rosario) is an Argentine field hockey professional. She plays as an attacker, and is the only player to receive the FIH World player of the year award six times. She is known for her ability to beat opposing players using her strong dribbling skills, for which she has been compared with Argentine football (soccer) legend Diego Maradona.

Lucha Aymar started playing at age seven at the local Fisherton Club in Rosario, moving to Jockey Club de Rosario six years later. She began training with the junior national team, for which she had to travel every other day to Buenos Aires. In 1997 she was part of the side which won the Pan American Games Junior Championship, and a year later had her debut with the senior team, finishing fourth at the World Cup.

Aymar is part of a generation in Argentine hockey that has won several international tournaments from the 1999 Pan American Games on, including an Olympic silver medal, and three Champions Trophies. Nicknamed La Maga ("The Magician"), her outstanding performances have driven her to be chosen as the FIH player of the year six times, four more than hockey legend Alyson Annan. She carried the flag for her native country at the opening ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Fuente: Wikipedia - Lucha Aymar

FIFA World Cup South Africa Debut on 11 June 2010

The first match is Mexico vs South Africa in Johannesburgo - JSC

The 2010 FIFA World Cup will be the 19th FIFA World Cup, the premier international football tournament. It is scheduled to take place between 11 June and 11 July 2010 in South Africa. The 2010 FIFA World Cup will be the culmination of a qualification process that began in August 2007 and involved 204 of the 208 FIFA national teams. As such, it matches the 2008 Summer Olympics as the sports event with the most competing nations.

This will be the first time that the tournament has been hosted by an African nation, after South Africa beat Morocco and Egypt in an all-African bidding process. This decision left the Oceania Football Confederation as the only confederation yet to host the FIFA World Cup. Italy are the defending champions. The draw for the finals took place on 4 December 2009 in Cape Town.

Related articles: Messi Debut

More info: Wikpedia FIFA World Cup South Africa

Colon Theater - Teatro Colon - Argentina

The Teatro Colón (Spanish) (Columbus Theatre) is the main opera house in Buenos Aires, Argentina, considered one of the best five opera houses in the world. It was opened on the 25th of May, 1908 with Verdi's Aïda. The theatre was closed for refurbishment from October 2006 to May 2010. It has already presented its program for the 2010 season, which started on the 24th of May.

Text from Wikipedia: Teatro Colón

Lionel Messi Debut in Grandoli, Newell's Old Boys and Barcelona

Messi playing in Grandoli (Rosario - Argentina)

At the age of five, Messi started playing football for Grandoli, a local club coached by his father Jorge. In 1995, Messi switched to Newell's Old Boys who were based in his home city Rosario. At the age of 11, he was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency. Primera División club River Plate showed interest in Messi's progress, but did not have enough money to pay for the treatment, as it cost $900 a month. Carles Rexach, the sporting director of Barcelona, had been made aware of his talent as Messi had relatives in Lleida, Catalonia, and Messi and his father were able to arrange a trial. Barcelona signed him after watching him play, offering to pay for the medical bills if he was willing to move to Spain. His family moved to Europe and he started in the club's youth teams.

Barcelona:

Messi playing in Barcelona (Spain)

Messi made his official debut for the first team in a friendly match against Porto on 16 November 2003 (at 16 years and 145 days). Less than a year later, Frank Rijkaard let him make his league debut against Espanyol on 16 October 2004 (at 17 years and 114 days), becoming the third-youngest player ever to play for Barcelona and youngest club player who played in La Liga (a record broken by team mate Bojan Krkić in September 2007). When he scored his first senior goal for the club against Albacete on 1 May 2005, Messi was 17 years, 10 months and 7 days old, becoming the youngest to ever score in a La Liga game for Barcelona until 2007 when Bojan Krkić broke this record, scoring from a Messi assist. Messi said about his ex-coach Rijkaard: "I never forget that Rijkaard has launched me. That he gave me confidence as I only sixteen, seventeen years was."

source: Wikipedia - Lionel Messi

Avatar (film) 10 december 2009 London - premiere

Avatar is a 2009 science fiction epic film written and directed by James Cameron and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Sigourney Weaver, Michelle Rodriguez and Stephen Lang. The film is set in the year 2154 on Pandora, a moon in the Alpha Centauri star system. Humans are engaged in mining Pandora's reserves of a precious mineral, called unobtanium, while the Na'vi, a race of indigenous humanoids, resist the colonists' expansion, which threatens the continued existence of the Na'vi and the Pandoran ecosystem. The film's title refers to the genetically engineered Na'vi bodies used by a few of the film's human characters to interact with the Na'vi.
Development on Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page scriptment for the film. Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Titanic, for a planned release in 1999, but according to Cameron, the technology was not yet available to portray his vision of the film. Work on the language for the film's extraterrestrial race began in summer 2005, and Cameron began developing the script and fictional universe in early 2006.
The film was released in traditional 2-D, as well as in 3-D, using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, and IMAX 3D formats. Avatar is officially budgeted at $237 million; other estimates put the cost at $280–310 million to produce and $150 million for marketing. The film is being touted as a breakthrough in terms of filmmaking technology, for its development of 3D viewing and stereoscopic filmmaking with cameras that were specially designed for the film's production.
Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was released on December 18, 2009, in North America to critical acclaim and commercial success. It grossed $27 million on its opening day domestically (in the United States and Canada) and $77 million domestically on its opening weekend. It opened two days earlier internationally and grossed $232 million worldwide in its first five days of international release. Within three weeks of its release, it had grossed over $1 billion worldwide. It currently stands as the second-highest-grossing film of all time, exceeded only by Cameron's previous film Titanic. Due to the film's success, Cameron reported the possibility of two sequels.

source: wikipedia - Avatar (2009 film)

Barcode Debut in 1952

Google screenshot October 7, 2009

In 1932 business student Wallace Flint of Harvard Business School wrote a thesis promoting an "automated grocery store" using punch cards, which customers would hand to a clerk, who would load them into a reader, causing flow racks to deliver the desired products, after which an itemized bill would automatically be produced. In spite of its promise, punch card systems were expensive, and the country was in the midst of the Great Depression, and the idea was never implemented.

In 1948 Bernard Silver (1924–62), a graduate student at Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia, overheard the president of a local food chain asking one of the deans to research a system to automatically read product information during checkout. Silver told his friends Norman Joseph Woodland (1921-) and Jordin Johanson about the request, and the three started working on a variety of systems. Their first working system used ultraviolet ink, but this proved to fade and was fairly expensive.

Convinced that the system was workable with further development, Woodland quit his position at Drexel, moved into his father's apartment in Florida, and continued working on the system. His next inspiration came from Morse code, and he formed his first barcode from sand on the beach when "I just extended the dots and dashes downwards and made narrow lines and wide lines out of them." To read them, he adapted technology from optical soundtracks in movies, using a 500-watt light bulb shining through the paper onto an RCA935 photomultiplier tube (from a movie projector) on the far side. He later decided that the system would work better if it were printed as a circle instead of a line, allowing it to be scanned in any direction.

On 20 October 1949 they filed a patent application for "Classifying Apparatus and Method", in which they described both the linear and bullseye printing patterns, as well as the mechanical and electronic systems needed to read the code. The patent was issued on 7 October 1952 as US Patent 2,612,994. In 1951 Woodland and Johanson moved to IBM and continually tried to interest IBM in developing the system. The company eventually commissioned a report on the idea, which concluded that it was both feasible and interesting, but that processing the resulting information would require equipment that was some time off in the future.

In 1952 Philco purchased their patent, and then sold it to RCA the same year. In 1962 Silver died in a car accident.

Source: Wikipedia - Barcode

Penelope Cruz debut - La fuerza del Destino 1988

Penelope Cruz in the video of the group Mecano: La fuerza del destino

Penelope Cruz & Javier Bardem in Jamón, Jamón

Cruz first achieved fame when she appeared in the video for "La fuerza del destino" for the Spanish synthpop group Mecano. She later started a relationship with Nacho Cano, a member of the group. A TV presenter for the teen-oriented program La Quinta Marcha, she also had early exposure in Série Rose, an erotic French TV serial. In one episode she played the role of a blind prostitute and in another played a young noblewoman pretending to be a young nobleman in a comedy of errors. She also directed Nacho Cano's video of "El waltz de los locos", in 1994.

Cruz's first major films were Jamón, jamón and Belle Époque, a film which won an Academy Award for Foreign Language Film. In 1997, she starred as Sofía Pangia, alongside Eduardo Noriega, in Open Your Eyes, directed by Alejandro Amenábar, while in 1999 she appeared in Pedro Almodóvar's All About My Mother, which also won an Academy Award for Foreign Language Film. In 2000 she appeared with Matt Damon in All the Pretty Horses.

For Cruz, the early 2000s were a period of mediocre reviews and mixed commercial success. In late 2001, she appeared in the film Vanilla Sky, the Hollywood remake of Open Your Eyes. Returning to Europe, in 2004, Cruz learned Italian (she already spoke Spanish, French, and English) to star in the film Don't Move. She earned critical praise for her role and earned the coveted David di Donatello award, the Italian equivalent of the Oscar.

In 2006, she co-starred with her best friend, Salma Hayek, in the film Bandidas. That same year, Cruz received highly favourable reviews for her performance in Pedro Almodóvar's Volver. She shared a Best Actress award at the Cannes Film Festival with five of her co-stars, and was nominated for the Golden Globe, the Screen Actors Guild Award, the BAFTA Award, and the Academy Award for Best Actress in a leading role. The latter of these nominations made her the first Spanish actress to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress.

In May 2007, it was announced that Penélope and her sister Mónica would be designing a 25-piece collection for the Barcelona-based fashion chain Mango. On July 7, 2007, Cruz presented at Live Earth. In late 2007, she starred in the Jaume de Laiguana-directed video for her brother's first single, named "Cosas que contar", along with her friend Mía Maestro and her sister Mónica. Cruz had previously shown a keen interest in fashion and is a model for L'Oréal and its "Telescopic" mascara.

In 2008, Cruz appeared with Sir Ben Kingsley in fellow Spaniard Isabel Coixet's film Elegy, earning her critical praise for an English-speaking role. The film was based on the Philip Roth story The Dying Animal. She was nominated for a Golden Satellite award for her performance.

In 2008, she starred in Woody Allen's Vicky Cristina Barcelona as María Elena, Javier Bardem's mentally unstable ex-wife. Her performance received wide critical praise. For the role, Cruz received her second Academy Award Nomination, and later won for Best Supporting Actress,^[10] making her only the second Spanish actor to win an Academy Award, a year after her boyfriend, Javier Bardem, won for No Country for Old Men. She became the first Spanish actress to win an Academy Award, and one of the only actors besides Robert De Niro and Ingrid Bergman to win the Oscar for a role speaking two different languages. Besides the Oscar, Cruz won the BAFTA, the Independent Spirit Award, the National Board of Review Award, and the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress in Vicky Cristina Barcelona. She also earned Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild nominations for her role.

Cruz again collaborated with Pedro Almodóvar in his film Los Abrazos Rotos, which is slated to be released in the U.S. in November 2009. She will also be featured in the film version of the musical Nine along with other Oscar winners Sophia Loren, Judi Dench, Daniel Day-Lewis, Nicole Kidman and Marion Cotillard.

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1992	Jamón, jamón	Silvia	Nominated — Goya Award for Best Actress Nominated — Spanish Actors Union Newcomer Award
	Belle Époque	Luz	Spanish Actors Union Award for Supporting Performance (Secundario Cine)
1993	For Love, Only for Love	Mary	Per amore, solo per amore
	The Greek Labyrinth	Elise	El Laberinto griego
	The Rebel	Enza	La Ribelle
1994	Alegre ma non troppo	Salomé
	Todo es mentira	Lucía
1995	Entre rojas	Lucía
	El Efecto mariposa	Party guest
1996	La Celestina	Melibea
	Brujas	Patricia
	Más que amor, frenesí
1997	Love Can Seriously Damage Your Health	Younger Diana / Diana's daughter	El amor perjudica seriamente la salud
	Open Your Eyes	Sofía	Abre los ojos
	Live Flesh	Isabel Plaza Caballero	Carne trémula Nominated — Spanish Actors Union Award for Performance in a Minor Role (Reparto Cine)
	Hjørne af paradis, Et	Doña Helena
1998	The Girl of Your Dreams	Macarena	La niña de tus ojos Goya Award for Best Actress Fotogramas de Plata Best Movie Actress (Mejor Actriz de Cine) Spanish Actors Union Award for Lead Performance (Protagonista Cine) Nominated — European Film Award for Best Actress
	"The Hi-Lo Country"	Josepha	Nominated — ALMA Award for Outstanding Actress in a Feature Film
	Don Juan	Mathurine
1999	All About My Mother	Sister María Rosa Sanz	Todo sobre mi madre
2000	All the Pretty Horses	Alejandra Villarreal
	Woman on Top	Isabella Oliveira
2001	Blow	Mirtha Jung
	Don't Tempt Me	Carmen Ramos	Bendito infierno
	Captain Corelli's Mandolin	Pelagia	Nominated — European Film Award - Audience Award for Best Actress
	Vanilla Sky	Sofia Serrano	Nominated — ALMA Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture
2002	Waking up in Reno	Brenda
2003	Fanfan la tulipe	Adeline La Franchise	Nominated — European Film Award - Audience Award for Best Actress
	Gothika	Chloe Sava
2004	Head in the Clouds	Mia
	Don't Move	Italia	Non ti muovere David di Donatello Award for Best Actress European Film Award - Audience Award for Best Actress Nominated — European Film Award for Best Actress Nominated — Goya Award for Best Actress
	Noel	Nina Vasquez
2005	Sahara	Eva Rojas
2006	Chromophobia	Gloria
	Bandidas	María Álvarez
	Volver	Raimunda	European Film Award for Best Actress Goya Award for Best Actress Cannes Award Best Actress shared with Carmen Maura, Lola Dueñas, Blanca Portillo, Yohana Cobo, Chus Lampreave Fotogramas de Plata Best Movie Actress (Mejor Actriz de Cine) Spanish Actors Union Award for Lead Performance (Protagonista Cine) Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role Nominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Leading Female Actor
2007	The Good Night	Anna
	Manolete	Antoñita "Lupe" Sino
2008	Elegy	Consuela Castillo	Santa Barbara International Film Festival Award for Outstanding Performer of the Year Award also for Vicky Christina Barcelona Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture
	Vicky Cristina Barcelona	María Elena	Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role Goya Award for Best Supporting Actress Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female Santa Barbara International Film Festival Award for Outstanding Performer of the Year Award also for Elegy Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Nominated — Critics Choice Award Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Female Actor
2009	G-Force	Juarez (voice)
	Broken Embraces	Magdalena	Los abrazos rotos
	Nine	Carla Albanese	post-production

Source: Wikipedia - Penelope Cruz

First Olympic Games - 1896 in Athens, Greece

The opening ceremony in the Panathinaiko Stadium

The 1896 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in Athens, Greece, from April 6 to April 15, 1896. It was the first Olympic Games held in the Modern era. Ancient Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games, consequently Athens was perceived to be an appropriate choice to stage the inaugural modern Games. It was unanimously chosen as the host city during a congress organized by Pierre de Coubertin, a French pedagogue and historian, in Paris, on June 23, 1894. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was also established during this congress.

Despite many obstacles and setbacks, the 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success. The Games had the largest international participation of any sporting event to that date. Panathinaiko Stadium, the first big stadium in the modern world, overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event. The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by their compatriot Spiridon Louis. The most successful competitor was German wrestler and gymnast Carl Schuhmann, who won four gold medals.

After the Games, Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures including Greece's King George and some of the American competitors in Athens, to hold all the following Games in Athens. However, the 1900 Summer Olympics were already planned for Paris and, except for the Intercalated Games of 1906, the Olympics did not return to Greece until the 2004 Summer Olympics, some 108 years later.

Olympic Games History:

Year	Summer Olympic Games		Winter Olympic Games		Youth Olympic Games
	Olympiad	Host city	No.	Host city	No.	Host City
1896	I	Athens, Greece
1900	II	Paris, France
1904	III	St. Louis, United States[147]
1906	III[148]	Athens, Greece
1908	IV	London, United Kingdom
1912	V	Stockholm, Sweden
1916	VI[149]	Berlin, Germany
1920	VII	Antwerp, Belgium
1924	VIII	Paris, France	I	Chamonix, France
1928	IX	Amsterdam, Netherlands	II	St. Moritz, Switzerland
1932	X	Los Angeles, United States	III	Lake Placid, United States
1936	XI	Berlin, Germany	IV	Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
1940	XII[150]	Tokyo, Japan→ Helsinki, Finland	V[150]	Sapporo, Japan→ St. Moritz, Switzerland→ Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
1944	XIII[150]	London, United Kingdom	V[150]	Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
1948	XIV	London, United Kingdom	V	St. Moritz, Switzerland
1952	XV	Helsinki, Finland	VI	Oslo, Norway
1956	XVI	Melbourne, Australia + Stockholm, Sweden[151]	VII	Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
1960	XVII	Rome, Italy	VIII	Squaw Valley, United States
1964	XVIII	Tokyo, Japan	IX	Innsbruck, Austria
1968	XIX	Mexico City, Mexico	X	Grenoble, France
1972	XX	Munich, West Germany	XI	Sapporo, Japan
1976	XXI	Montreal, Canada	XII	Innsbruck, Austria
1980	XXII	Moscow, Soviet Union	XIII	Lake Placid, United States
1984	XXIII	Los Angeles, United States	XIV	Sarajevo, Yugoslavia
1988	XXIV	Seoul, South Korea	XV	Calgary, Canada
1992	XXV	Barcelona, Spain	XVI	Albertville, France
1994			XVII	Lillehammer, Norway
1996	XXVI	Atlanta, United States
1998			XVIII	Nagano, Japan
2000	XXVII	Sydney, Australia
2002			XIX	Salt Lake City, United States
2004	XXVIII	Athens, Greece
2006			XX	Turin, Italy
2008	XXIX	Beijing, China[152][153]
2010			XXI	Vancouver, Canada	I (summer)	Singapore
2012	XXX	London, United Kingdom			I (winter)	Innsbruck, Austria
2014			XXII	Sochi, Russia
2016	XXXI	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2018			XXIII	To be announced

Source: Wikipedia - 1896 Sumer Olympics